spiro



(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

O. SPIRO. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 2-3, 1892. Fg'qfi F0 C Tins 1:5 mafia-mum, WA-SHING'ION,n. c

4 Modem 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. SPIRO. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 23,

UNITED STATES CHARLES SPIRO, OF NEYV YORK, N. Y.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 481,377, dated August23, 1892.

Application filed January 5, 1892. Serial No. 417,100. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES SPIRO, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York, State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines,of which the following is a specification, reference being had thereinto the accompanying drawings.

This invention has relation to type-writing machines; and the objects,construction, and operation of the invention will be set forth in thefollowing description, and the novel features will be particularlypointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a plan of the principal parts ofa type-writing machine involved. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical sectionon the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the line-feedingmechanism with the carriage in cross-section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1,looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 4 is a bottom View of one ofthe paper-feeding or pressure rolls and the adjacent, portionssupporting the same. Fig. 5 is an elevation with parts in section on theline 5 5, Fig. 1,1ooking in the direction of the arrow and illustratingthe manner of removably securing the platen upon the carriage. Fig. 6 isa plan of the upper roller employed in feeding the paper and of aportion of the bail which supports said roller. Fig. 7 is a plan, withportions broken away, of the springbarrel and its adjuncts. Fig. 8 is aplan of the barrel, stud, and spring-barrel locking and winding screwand a perspective of the spring-sleeve. Fig. 9 is a bottom view of thespring locking and winding gear. Fig. 10 is a side view of aribbon-spool gear. Fig. 11 is a section of the spool-gear, spool, andretaining-spring, the section being on the line 11 11 of Fig. 10. Fig.12 is a plan of the carriage-feed mechanism. Fig. 13 is a verticalsection of the carriage-feed mechan ism, taken on the line 13 13 of Fig.12. Fig. 14 is a side elevation, with parts in section and projected, ofthe key-locking mechanism. Fig. 15 is a plan of the margin-determiningmechanism, a portion being in section taken on the line 15 15 of Fig.16, lookingin the direction of the arrow; Fig. 15 is a perspective ofthe tapered portions of the margin-determining mechanism A representsthe base of the machine, from which risers A project to receive andsupport the carriage-rod A secured in position by thumb-screws A Thebase is provided with a bracket A for the support and operation of theribbon-spool mechanism and for the type-bar-locking plate, which issupported on the upper end A of the bracket.

As myimprovements refer to machines like that shown and described in mypatent, No. 447,438, of March 3, 1891, a particular description of allof said machine is rendered unnecessary by this reference to saidpatent.

In this invention I have provided means for readily removing the platenfrom the carriage in order that a hard, medium,or pliable surfacedplaten may be employed, the former being preferred in cases where it isdesired to manifold the work and the latter in other cases, as a betterimpression and some other advantages are secured.

The riser B of the carriage B is formed with a recess 13 for thereception of the journal O of the platen 0. Each riser has this recessand a hook B the pivot B of which is placed substantially in line withthe point of the hook and the center of the platenjournal, so thatlifting the platen in an inclined direction will not release the samefrom its bearings. A coiled spring B dotted lines, Fig. 5, serves tokeep the hook on the journal, while the upper end of the hook projectsupwardly within easy access, so that it can be swung 011 its pivot inthe direction of the arrow in Fig. 5 to release the journal and permitthe platen to be lifted bodily from the carriage. In replacing theplaten the front edges of the hook, being inclined, as shown at B, areforced backward by the platen-journal, so that it is not necessary tomove the hooks back by hand. A stop 13 is arranged to prevent-the hookfrom being thrown byits coiled spring B too far over or across therecess to prevent theintroduction of the platenjournals, as justdescribed.

The journal 0 of the platen carries a gear C into which a pawl 0 takesfor the purpose of efiecting the line-feed of the paper. On the carriageB are formed ears B in which is pivoted a bell-crank lever D, the outerarm of which projects beyond the end of the carriage and the inner armof which (see Fig. 3) is connected by a link D to an arm D which carriesthe pawl C and a spring'D which has a tendency to keep the pawl O inoperative contact with the face of the gear 0 so that an elevation ofthe outer end of the lever D depresses its inner end, the link, and theinner end of the arm D and elevates the pawl 0 which effects a partialrotation of the platen, so as to produce aline-feedin g of the paper. Aspring D, of rubber or other suitable material under the inner end ofthe lever D, returns the parts mentioned in position for an otheroperation. A detent D is pivoted concentrically with the arm D and acoiled spring D encircles the pivot and has one end fixed in the riserat D and the other in the detent at D The arm D has aseries of steps Dand the detent has a pivot D, on

which a lever D is mounted. This lever terminates in teeth D, into whicha detent D takes and is held by the spring D, on which the detent ismounted to retain the lever D at different points in its oscillation onits pivot D. The lever is also provided with a long tooth or stud D,which is in the position shown in Fig. 3 to serve as to stop to adownward movement of the arm D by contacting with said arm at its upperand deepest step. This provides for the longest movement of the arm Dand the pawl C carried thereby, so that the widest line spacing orfeeding is accomplished with the parts in the position shown in Fig. 3.By throwing the lever D so as to contact by its long tooth D with theremaining steps D of the arm D a medium and a shortest line-feeding isaccomplished. It will be noted that as line-feeding occurs after thecompletion of each line of work and when the carriage is at theextremeleft of its movement a hand placed under the lever D to move thecarriage to the right simultaneously and conveniently produces by themechanism just described the necessary line-feeding. An inversion ofFig. 1 will bring the lever D at the left side of the machine, (itsproperlocation;) but for convenience in illustration it is shown on theright.

I will now proceed to describe the means employed for feedingthe paper.More or less difficulty is met in all paper-feeding devices which employrubber bands partially encircling and takingtheir motion from theplaten. They are liable to run off their supports and guiding-pulleys,to vary in their elasticity, so as to give difierence in firmness ofcontact with the platen of the paper at opposite sides,

and to require frequent renewal on account of the natural decompositionof the rubber. I overcome these difficulties by entirely discardingfeed-bands and the use of rubber. I employ a bail E pivoted at E", toeach of the risers B, so as to becapable of swinging to the front overthe platen to facilitate the insertion of paper. Pivoted substantiallyat the center of the bail E is a yoke E, which carries a roller E, whichmay be of uniform diameter throughout its length or not, as desired. Itwill beseen that when thebailis down theroller E will bear upon thesurface of the platen or upon paper wound upon the platen, and that byreason of the pivotal support of the yoke the roller will automaticallyadjustitself to any inequalities of thickness of the paper or in thesurface of the platen and will maintain an alignment parallel with theaxis of the platen. A second roller F, mounted in a yoke F, is pivotedat F beneath the shelf or plate F which is pivoted in brackets orextensions F of the risers of the carriage. A-curved sheet-metal shieldGris supported with slight pivotal action at G on each riser B of thecarriage B and partially encircles the platen. The shield G and theplate F are springpresscd, so as to leave a space between the platen andthe upper edge of the shield to facilitate the introduction of paper andin case of the plate F to cause the roller F to bear yieldingly upon theplaten. Such an arrangement of a coiled spring is shown in Fig. 4 at Fwhere one end of the spring is attached to the pivot and the other to afixed partas, for example, the bracket F. A similar spring is providedfor the bail E to cause the roller E to bear yieldingly upon the platenand the paper thereon. The lower edge of the guard G is intended to bearslightly upon the paper and keep the same smooth, and to enable thisedge 'to reach a higher point than otherwise the rollerF may be cut awayat points, as F, to permit fingerlike projections on the guardGto reachsuch high point. To insert a sheet of paper, the bail E is thrown to thefront, as shown by arrow, Fig. 2, and the plate F is swung downward,carrying the roll F away from the platen, and the latter is rotated bymeans of the bell H or otherwise, and the paper is drawn around byrotating the platen until the head of the sheet is in a position to beheld down by the roller E By inserting the leading edge of the sheetbetween the roll F I and the platen, the top edge of the guard beingtemporarily depressed, so as to move its lower edge away from theplaten, the rotation of the platen and the roll Fserves to feed thepaper around within the guard, and by slightly raising the bail E underthe roller E In this way the line of print on the paper is coincidentwith the printing-point on the top of the platen. By this constructionrubber and other paper-feeding bands are rendered unnecessary, arediscarded, and a positive, true, and satisfactory feeding of the paperis assured. Furthermore, the relative proximity of theroller E totheprinting-line enables me to print upon the extreme lower edge of asheet.

Heretofore it has been necessary to employ both hands in the operationof regulating the tension of the carriage-feed springthat is, in theconstruction which I have heretofore employedit has been necessary tomanually guard against the unwinding of the spring while increasing itstension.

In the present invention the spring-drumI is located, as before, on thebase of the machine below the carriage. Adjacent to the drum I place aspindle I, which may be knurled or provided with a screw-driver slot 1whereby it may be rotated either by hand or by a tool. Thespring-spindle I extends down through the base, and fixedly securedthereon is a gear 1 the teeth of which have concave faces I. On theseparate stud I, I mount a disk I, having two diametrically-op positeteeth 1 which are adapted to mesh with the teeth of the gear I andhaving a curvature to agree with that of the-faces I of the gear I andextending from one to the other of the teeth 1 The spindle I projectsupwardly through the base and through the drum I. It is cut away atopposite sides I to receive a sleeve I having springs I which embracethe spindle, so as to rotate therewith. A lug I serves to connect oneend of the spring with the sleeve, the other end being connected in theusual manner with the drum. A strap or cord I is secured to the drum,and its free end is provided with a metallic eyeplate 1 which can beconnected with the carriage by means of any convenient pin or hook BFig. 7, projecting from its lower surface. The eye-plate is bent at I,so as to prevent the passage of the cord or band I between the spindleland the drum. This slight improvement is very convenient in that it isimpossible for the tape and drum to get out of control when the free endof the tape inadvertently escapes from the hand when detached from thecarriage. The bend or flange insures a stoppage of the tape against thedrum and spindle, from which point it can be readily seized and againconnected with the carriage. \Vhether the tape be disconnected from thecarriage or not a turning of the spindle 1' causes the disk I to rotate,so that the spring may be wound up by the meshing of a tooth I with thegear I when the latter will be turned one tooth and an opposite curvedface of the disk will come into contact with the next concave face ofthe tooth 1 which looks the gear I against backward rotation untilanother tooth I is brought to mesh with the next tooth I A reversal ofthe rotation of the disk 1 allows a relaxation of the tension of thespring as each tooth I is brought to mesh with the gear 1 Thus theadjustment of the tension of the spring is ac- 3 complished by the useof a single hand and V the direct operation of a single device.

I havefound it essential to convenience that the ribbon-spools may beremoved from and applied to their spindles by the most simple operation.The ribbon-guide which is employed in my machine is so constructed,arranged, and located that the type impinge thereon at points in a lineat one side of the longitudinal center of the ribbon, so that byremoving the ribbon-spools and turning them around the opposite half ofthe ribbon is brought into use. I therefore have devised a simple andvery convenient means of removably securing the ribbon-spools upon theirspindle.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have illustrated the construction which I havedevised. On the face of the ribbon-spool gear J, I form acircumferentially-grooved hub J, which is provided with one or moretransverse perforations. WVit-hin the groove I arrange a simple wirering J 2 of a normal diameter less than that of the hub, so that saidspring-ring normally projects Within the cross-area of the hole or holesJ To give the ring resiliency, it is incomplete, and, if desired, thetwo ends J may be bent and projected into a recess J formed by removinga portion of the hub, as clearly shown in Fig. 10. Each spool is pro-Vided with projecting pins J which are annularly grooved at J to receivethe springring J when a pin is inserted in any one of the holes .1. Nowit will be seen that it only requires the simple application of a spoolJ X on its spindle J X and a slight pressure to force the pin J into thehole .1, the latter when provided in sufficient number being.easilyfound by a slight rotation of the spool on its spindle, when itsconed or pointed pin readily enters beneath the spring-ring, which byits resiliency as readily seats itself in the groove of the pin, andthus satisfactorily retains the spools in operative connection with thegear.

More or less difficulty has always attended the provision of suitablecarriage-feed or escapement devices, and the difficulty appears to beincreased where positive control is sacrificed and momentum of themoving parts more or less relied upon.

In Figs. 12 and 13 I have illustrated a novel construction andarrangement of feed pawls or dogs.

K represents the feed-rack, which is secured to the under side of acarriage B in a horizontal position, so that the teeth of the rack areat one edge. In standards K, projecting upwardly from the base A and atthe margin of an opening K in said base,I pivot in parallel lines thefeed-dogs K K The former is in the form of a bell-crank lever, the armK. of which extends from its axis K nearly at a right angle and isconnected by a coiled spring K with the universal bail K mounted on ashaft K and arranged below the keylevers L of the machine, the shafthaving bearing in depending brackets K, as usual.

, Projecting upwardly from the bail is a. pin

K which may be screw-threaded'in the bail for vertical adjustment, ifdesired, and this pin bears at times against'thc lower surface of thearm K of the dog K On the oppo site side of the shaft K another pin Kprojects upwardly, so as to hear at tinres against the depending arm Kof the pawl or dog K The axis K of this dog maybe conveniently located,and in this instance is shown arranged parallel with the axis K of theother dog. The acting faces of the pawls or dogs K or K are inclined tosubstantially agree with the inclination of the rack-bar teeth, whilethe adjacent sides of the dogs agree substantially with the verticalfaces of said teeth. The distance of the dogs from each other may be asdesired, so long as the point of one shall be just opposite, or it maybe slightly in contact with, the higher point or end of the inclinedface of the rack-bar tooth when the straight side of the other dog is insimilar relation to the vertical face of another tooth of said bar. Aflat spring K is secured to the universal bail, or it may he to a lug Kformed thereon, and is at its free end in contact with the arm K of thedog K hen the key-levers L are at rest, the parts assume or occupy theposition shown in Fig. 13, the dog K being out of mesh with the rack, asheretofore described, and the dog K being in mesh with a tooth of therack. Then a keylever L is depressed, the center line horizontally ofthe universal bail takes the position indicated by the dotted line at,Fig. 13, and the center line vertically of the pin K takes the positionof the dotted line y in said figure. This action lowers the pin K awayfrom the arm K and puts the spring K under tension, so that thereafterin a continuance of the motion the tension thus produced will actquickly to throw the dog K into mesh with a tooth of the rack. As thespring K is fixed to the bail, as is the pin K it follows that when thepin K rocks the dog K the spring K moves in the same direction and isnot put under tension; but it is the pin alone that positively takes thedog K out of mesh with the rack, while at the same time the lowering ofthe bail and the pin K puts under tension the dog K and as soon as therack is freed from the restraint of K the deg K is allowed to bottom inthe rack against the straight face of an adjacent tooth. On the returnmotion of the bail (permitted so bythe return of a key,) the pin Kpositively disengages the dog K from the rack while the pin K is removedfrom contact with the dog K while at the same time the spring K is putunder tension, and when the rack is removed from the restraint of thedog K the dog K is allowed to bottom in the rack against the Hat side ofan adjacent tooth. It will thus be seen that in eifecting a mesh withthe rack both the dogs are put under spring-tension, while when the dogsare to be removed from mesh with the rack they are positively removedtherefrom. 'It will thus be seen that each of the dogs is, just beforemaking mesh, under the tension of a spring, so that a positiveness ofoperation is secured and the connection is most direct with theuniversal bail and the key-lever. Direct application of power from keyto rack-bar, a minimum num ber of devices, and continuity of controlexist in this construction and produce rapidity and accuracy in theintermittent step-by-step motion of the carriage.

It is at times desirable to provide in machines of this characterdevices which shall automatically prevent the making of an impressionupon the paper after a line has been completed, and thus 'toinsure areturn of the carriage to the starting-point when required. In Fig. 14 Ihave illustrated a simple means for accomplishing this purpose. Throughan opening M, formed in the base A, there is projected a hook M, pivotedat M on the base. The projecting arm M is beveled laterally, so that apin M projecting downwardly from the carriage B, will act to throw thefree end of the hook under the universal bail K A spring M serves toremove the free end from beneath the bail. The pin M is arranged orlocated at such a point on the carriage as that when a line is completedit rides the bevel of the arm M and throws the hook under the universalbail. When in that position, it is apparent that none of the keys orkey-levers L can be depressed until the carriageis moved to free the pinM from the arm of the hook. By this simple device the. objectssought aresecured. It is also desirable to provide means foryieldingly locking thekeys, as an abrupt positive lock is distasteful and unpleasant to anoperator. I therefore interpose a spring or other yielding, abutmentbetween the key-lever and the locking device.

There are many ways of locating and arranging such an abutment, and I donot limit my invention to the exact details herein shown and described,but present these as examples of an embodiment of my idea. One way is tomount on the hook M aspringseated block M the spring being placed belowthe block with the hook. In this case the bail K strikes the block whena key is repressed and the spring M allows a straight depression of thebail, but not sufficient to bring a type to the printing-point.

In Figs. 18, 19, and 21 I have shown an adaptation of my idea in whichthe bell-trip M", dotted lines, Fig. 18, which is usually mounted on thecarriage of the type-writer, is employed instead of a pin M dependingfrom the carriage to operate the lock.

M Figs. 18 and 19, represents the slotted plate in which the adjustablebell-trip pin M is mounted. The base A is slotted beneath the plate,which is secured over the slot by screws M passing into the base. Theplate has depending ears M, which are bored for the reception andcndwise movement of arod M about which is coiled a spring M, which has atendency to keep the rod to the right,

but which will permit a slight movement of the rod to the left. Upon therod there is a block M, which is fitted to the rod, so as to be retainedin a desired position thereon by friction, so that when moved a greateror less distance from the bell-trip pin M it will remain where placed,the frictional connection with the rod being such that a movement of theblock will carry with it the rod against the tension of the spring M Theuniversal bail K has mounted thereon a spring M which when the rod M isheld to the right by the spring M and when a key-lever is depressed andthe bail K rocked moves freely in front of the end of the rod M but whenthe block M is moved to the left by contact therewith of the bell-trip Mdepending from the carriage, the end of the rod M is thrown into thepath of the spring M as shown by dotted lines, Fig. 18. The spring M istherefore the yielding abutment, which prevents a complete rocking ofthebail, but, however, will permit a partial rocking of the bail, butinsufficient to bring type to the printing-point. The adjustability ofthe block M on the rod M is for the purpose of determining the number ofletters which'may be printed after the bell is struck. There a wideright-hand margin is desired in the work, the bell-trip pin may beadjusted to the desired margin-line and the block may be adjusted for agreater or less number of letters to be impressed after the bell hasbeen struck. In fact, the same advantages are present regardless of theWidth of the margin.

In Figs. 15 and'16 I have shown a novel construction for determining thewidth of lefthand margin in the printed work of the machine, and I havealso added to such construction a simple modification which enables amargin once arbitrarily determined to be temporarily departed from. Theconvenience of this modification occurs, for example, in numberingparagraphs and answers in depositions outside of the arbitrary margin ofthe page.

N, Figs. 1 and 15, represents a lever which is secured to the journalsof a square or other polygonal shaft N, mounted in brackets N formed onthe base of the machine in proximity to the carriage B. Beneath thesquare shaft and parallel therewith there is secured to the base of themachine the rack-bar N A box N, which fits the shaft N, is mountedthereon and provided with a lever or handle N A pin N in this case isused to retain the box on the shaft in such a manner as to permit theformer to be moved lengthwise upon the latter. The lower surface of thebox carries a short section N 7 of a rack-bar, which is adapted to fitthe teeth of the bar N This lower part of the box projects into the pathof one of the guide-lugs of the carriage B, so as to stop a furthermovement of the carriage. The point at which the carriage shall bestopped within the limits of the bar N is determined by the position ofthe box on the bar or shaft. This position can be changed to change thewidth of the margin by a quarter-rotation of the bar to free therack-section N from the rack N and by then moving the box along the barin either direction by lever N to a desired point, and this adjustmentis retained by bringing the lever N to a vertical position and thesection N in mesh with the bar N Vhen it is desired to print outside ofthe arbitrary margin thus determined, the lever N may be again partiallyrotated, so as to lift the lower portion of the box out of the path ofthe carriage guide-rod lug, when the carriage may be moved beyond thebox and printing may be performed outside of the margin. The sameoperation may be perhaps more conveniently performed by means of thelever N, as it is more accessible than the lever N After the printingoutside of the general margin has been produced and in order to avoidthe necessity of operating either of the levers N N I may bevel theupper surface of the guiderod lug of the carriage B in one direction, asshown at B Fig. 15, so that simply pushing the carriage to the left inFig. 15 will cause the box and its section to be lifted until theguide-rod lug passes it, when it will drop and serve thereafter to stopthe carriage at the arbitrarily-determined and general margin of thework. I may slightly bevel the lower portion of the rack-bar section Nas shown by dotted lines N, in the opposite direction to the bevel ofthe lug B to facilitate the above operation.

Fig. 15 shows the beveled surfaces of these parts in perspective. Whengoing in one direction, the carriage guide-lug B abuts against the box Nthus determining the margin. When, however, a narrower, margin isdesired, the polygonal shaft N is oscillated, whereby the box N israised to allow the carriage a further travel. The box N now drops, butthe carriage may return by reason of the beveling of its lug and of thebox or either of them, as the lug serves to lift the box when thecarriage is returning.

In Fig. 16 I have shown a simple application of a key-lever L, wherebythe box N and shaft N of the margin-gage may be turned up out of meshwith the rack-bar N A simple pin N passes through the base and impingesthe under surface of the baekrack section N so that a depression of thekey when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 15 causes the pinto throw the rack N out of mesh and out of contact with the lug of thecarriage, so that the latter may be moved beyond the margin-linedetermined by the adjustment of the block N.

In Figs. 17 and 20 I have illustrateda form of connection between themargin-gage and the key-lever which does not require the pivot L of thelever, Fig. 16, to be between the key and the end of the lever. In otherwords, the

arrangement shown in Figs. 17 and 20 is adapted for use in connectionwith key-levers in which the pivot is at the end vof the lever. Adownward depression of the key and lever L draws the link L downwardlyand one arm of an interposed lever L in the same direction. The otherarm beyond the pivot L terminates in an upward projection or pin N,which abuts against the under surface of the square shaft N, so as toraise the same on its pivots, while a coiled spring N*, Fig. 17, servesto positively lower the shaft. The box N has upon its front edge a gageor scale, as clearly shown, to assist in determining the adjustment ofthe parts to produce a desired margin. In cases where it isunobjectionable to extend the hand from the keyboard to operate thelever N or handle N of the square shaft and box, respectively, and, whendesired, to place the control of the margin in means located on akeyboard the application of a key-lever in either of the forms shown orin any other skillful manner can be resorted to, and the printing ofmatter outside of the predetermined margin can rapidly and convenientlybe accomplished. r

I do not limit my invention to a use of all of the novel featuresthereof in a single machine, nor to the exact construction andproportion and arrangement of the parts as shown and. described; but Ihold them subject to the common right of variation in any manner and toany extent within the skill of persons conversant in the construction,operation, and use of machines of this class.

In order to release the holding-dog K from lhe rack-bar K, so as topermit movement of the carriage by hand in either direction, I haveprovided the usual bail O, which is operated by the lever 0, Fig. 1, andhave formed on the dog K a projection K against which the bail canoperate to withdraw the dog from the rack, which, the key-levers beingat rest, leaves the carriage to be moved as desired.

What I claim is 1. A carriage having forwardly-inclined open bearings inits risers and having upon each riser a pivoted hook, the free end ofwhich is extended to form a rearwardly-inclined edge, in combinationwith a platen the journals of which are extended beyond said bearingsand adapted to force said hooks away from said open bearings, andsprings for forcing said hooks over said journals, substantially asspecified.

2. The combination, with a platen, linespacing gears, and pawl, of apawl-arm having steps and alever mounted for projection into the path ofthe difierent steps of the pawllever, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the line-spacing gear of a platen and its pawl,of a pawl-arm and a detent mounted to operate in a plane parallel withthe gear on a common pivot independently of each other, and a spring foroperating the detent, arranged independent of the pawl-arm,substantially as specified.

4. The combination, with a line-spacin g gear and its pawl-arm, of adetent mounted for independent movement on the pawl-arm pivot andcarrying a pawl-arm-obstructingdevice,

substantially as specified.

5. The combination of a line-spacing pawl, its lever and its arm,adetent mounted on the pivot of the pawl-arm, and a pawl-arm-limitingdevice pivoted on the detent and capable of springing into and out ofcontact with the pawl-arm, substantially as specified.

6. The combination, with a line-spacing pawl, its arm, and a detent, andwith the linespacing gear, of a lever pivoted on the detent,

a secondary detent for said lever fixed to the primary detent, and meansfor oscillating the secondary lever on its pivot, substantially asspecified.

7. The combination, with the carriage and its platen, of abell-cranklever pivoted to the carriage, an interposed spring for raising one armof the lever, a pawl-arm and pawl operatively connected with the lever,and a detent carrying a pawl-arm-limiting device, substantially asspecified.

8. The combination, with a platen, of a pressure-roller carried byasupport mounted on a pivot located ata point between the ends of theroller, substantially as specified.

9. The combination, with a platen, of a pressure-roller carried by apivoted springpressed yoke, the pivot of which is located at a pointbetween the ends of the roller, substantially as specified.

10. The combinatiomwith a platen, of a bail carrying a pressure-rollerin a yoke pivoted to the hail, the pivot of which is located at a pointbetween the ends of the roller, substantially as specified.

11. The combination, with a platen, of a shelf or plate pivotallymounted on the carriage and extended along the platen and a rollercarried by the shelf or plate and mounted on a pivot located between theends of the roller for alignment with the platen, substantially asspecified.

12. The combination, with a platen, of two or more rollers arrangedadjacent to and to bear upon the platen and each mounted on a pivotlocated between the ends of the roller, whereby said rollers are free toalign themselves with and to the surface of the platen, substantially asspecified.

13. The combination, with a platen, of two bails mounted for movement inopposite directions away from the platen and each carrying pivoted yokesand pressure rollers mounted therein and a pivoted guard-plate, saidplate being provided with an eye for connection with a hook upon thecarriage, substantially as specified.

14. The combination, with the spring-drum and its spindle havingportions thereof removed, of a sleeve adapted for connection with thespring and with the spindle, substantially as specified.

15. The combination, with a spring-drum of a type-writing machine andthe tape there- IIO of, of a stud or projection fixed upon the machineadjacent to the drum and a plate secured to the tape and projecting fromthe surface thereof, said plate being provided with an eye forconnection with a hook upon the carriage, substantially as specified.

16. Thecombination, with the spring-drum, of its spindle passing throughthe base of the machine, a gear of the character described secured tothe spindle at the lower side of the base, and a gear-operating diskarranged to mesh with the gear and mounted upon an ad jacent spindlepassing up through the base of the machine and having a slotted head,substantially as specified.

17. A ribbon-spool having oppositely-projecting circumferentiallygroovedpins, in combination with a spool-gear having acircumferentially-grooved hub and a pin-retaining spring, substantiallyas specified.

18. The combination, with a hub and a ribbon-spool adapted to beconnected therewith, of a spring-ring lying in the plane of an aperturein the hub, substantially as specified.

19. A spool-gear having a circumferentiallygrooved and perforated hub, aribbon-spool adapted to be connected therewith, and a ring arrangedwithin the groove and having its ends bent, substantially as specified.

20. The combination,with a carriage and its rack, ofindependently-pivoted springpressed pawls and means for alternatelystoring tension in said springs, which springs are put under tension tothrow the pawls into mesh with the rack, substantially as specified.

21. The combination, with the feed-rack, of independently-pivoted pawls,a universal bail, springs extending from each pawl to the bail, andmeans mounted on the bail for operating the pawls, substantially asspecified.

22. The combination of a feed-rack, independently-pivoted pawls, auniversal bail, and a yielding and rigid device connecting the bail witheach of the pawls, substantially as specified.

23. The combination of a feed-rack, two

pawls, and yielding and rigid devices for operating each pawl, saiddevices being arranged at different points on the universal bail,substantially as specified.

24. The combination, with a feed-rack, of two pawls, a universal bail,springs extending from each pawl to the bail, and rigid devices foroperating the pawls, projecting from the bail and from points onopposite sides of its shaft, substantially as specified.

25. The combination, with a bail, of a movable yielding abutment andmeans mounted upon the carriage for rendering said abutment operative,as set forth.

26. The combination, with the carriage, of a fixed rack-bar, a rotatableshaft, and a movable section of a rack-bar mounted on said shaft,substantially as specified.

27. The combination, with a carriage, a fixed rack-bar, and a movablesection of a rack-bar, of a shaft for carrying the section, mounted forrotation to disconnect the section from the rack-bar, substantially asspecified.

28. The combination, with afixed rack-bar and a movable section of arack-bar, of a shaft, and a sliding member carrying the section, andmeans for rotating the shaft, substantially as specified.

29. The combination of a carriage having a projection which is beveled,a fixed rackbar, and asection of a rack-bar which is movable andprovided with abevel, and a rotatable shaft for carrying the movablesection of a rack-bar, substantially as specified.

30. The combination, with the universal bail and the carriage of atype-writing machine, of interposed yielding bail-locking mechanism,substantially as specified.

31. The combination, with the universal bail and the carriage of atype-writing machine, of a bail-locking device and a yieldingobstruction or abutment-,substantially as specified.

32. The combination, with a bail, of a movable rod, a spring interposedbetween the rod and bail, and a spring for moving the rod in onedirection, and devices operatively connected with the carriage formoving the rod in the opposite direction, substantially as specified.

33. The combination, with a carriage having a bell-trip mounted thereon,of a bell-trlp pin, a block adjustable with relation to the bell-trippin on a sliding rod, a bail, and means for yieldingly connecting therod with the bail, substantially as specified.

34. The combination, with a margin-gage, of a key-lever and aninterposed disconnected pin, substantially as specified.

35. The combination, with the margin-gage comprising a fixed and anadjustable rack, of a rotatable bar carrying the adjustable rack, akey-lever, and connections between the lever and the rotatable bar,substantially as specified.

36. The combination, with a carriage and its spring-drum andfeeding-tape, of a gear secured to the spring-drum spindle and a gearrotating and locking disk secured to a spin dle arranged adjacent to thespring-drum and accessible for purposes of adjustment from adjacent toor at the upper surface of the base of the machine, substantially asspecified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES SPIRO. WVitnesses:

J. FRENDENTHAL, JULIUS E. LEVY.

